free end is then folded over and tacked in place to complete the strand. Once the longitudinal strands of webbing are in place, the lateral pieces are interwoven through alternate strands and fastened firmly, after being stretched. The webbing is covered with burlap in much the same manner as the webbing was applied except that no webbing stretcher is used, the burlap being tacked to the wood surface of the seat frame beyond the webbing, and folded back. Stuffing. To prevent unwelcome contact with the chair a hard roll can be attached to the outside edge of the frame before the stuffing is put on. A layer of narrow burlap into which a roll of stuffing material has been inserted is folded back upon itself, and tacked down, as shown in Figure 6.6. If tow is used, it should be pulled out and rolled between the palms to produce an even roll about Y\ in. thick; rolled webbing can be profitably substituted. The burlap should be tacked in such a way that the first, or lower series of tackheads are even with the outside edge of the seat, to insure that the roll itself will pad the edge. After the roll is secured, sufficient stuffiing material is placed on the seat to produce a crown effect when the material is pressed down firmly with the hands. Whatever stuffing material is selected, it should be pulled out thoroughly to make it even and fluffy. It is then covered by muslin tacked to the underside of the frame. To stretch this muslin covering tightly, it is held in place by slip or loosetacking at the center of each side, with tacks that are only partly driven in. The muslin should be turned under at the corners, and retacked after it is stretched tightly in all directions by stroking and holding as the sliptacks are removed and replaced. The stuffing can then be regulated or redistributed evenly by sticking an icepick through the muslin and manipulating it to remove any lumps or humps. The outer fabric is tacked to the underside of the frame, over and beyond the muslin. A Hard Edge Spring Seat. The use of springs in upholstery has come to be expected in not only the finest pieces of upholstered work, but also the medium grades. Three types of bases may be used under the springs, and expert opinion is divided as to which is the most desirable. Wooden slats, in the early days before the front and back rails of chairs and sofas were lowered, could be utilized only with the shallower, cheaper type of springs. Enameled, coneshaped spring? used with tempered steel webbing provide a satisfactory resiliency, which lasts as long as the anchoring tacks or nails. Manufacturers of stout, interlaced webbing bases that employ deep, double coneshaped coils, claim that this type of construction affords greater comfort. As an easy transition from the removable seat UPHOLSTERY AND SEAT WEAVING 359 Fig. 6.7. Spring stitching. lescribed in the preceding paragraphs, it is next intended to examine the operation of installing springs in a seat equipped with a webbing base (Figure 6.