Blind stitching is employed in upholstery wherever hand sewing must be concealed. With the knotted end of the thread hidden inside the lap or seam, the basic stitch is a simple one of medium size which runs parallel to the seam, alternating on opposite sides as illustrated in Fig. 6.11. Starting at the top on the righthand side, for example, the needle is thrust down parallel to the lap for about % ш> and when it is pulled out it is inserted directly across to the material on the opposite side, where it is thrust down for another parallel stitch, and so on. When edges are turned in and the thread is pulled tightly the seam will be closed and the stitching invisible. A Spring Edge. Large pieces of upholstered furniture whose edges are subject to considerable wear employ what is known as a spring or wire edge around the front and sides of their spring seats. The springedge (or No. 8 galvanized) wire is carefully bent to fit the three outside edges of the wooden frame, with the free ends bent downward to protect the stuffing. The springs are fastened to their base as previously described. The wireedge upper frame is fastened to the outer edges of the outside springs with windings of stitching twine, or with special metal clips that can be closed with pliers. In this type of edge the rims of the top coils of the outer springs overhang the wooden frame so that they are flush with its outer edges. To retain this position they must remain horizontal, thus necessitating a slight variation in the final tying operation. As will be noticed in Figure 6.13, the twine is brought down through the center of an outside spring as before, but is tied to a second or third outer loop of the spring (depending upon its height) before it is looped UPHOLSTERY AND SEAT WEAVING around a tack in the frame. It is then carried up and tied to the outer spring edge as a brace, without the wirebound edge being lowered. In large upholstered pieces the tying cord is often dropped through the center of the next to the outer spring and knotted to its second coil, then carried across and knotted to the third coil of the outer spring in a long diagonal to its anchoring tack. In springedge tying, care must be exercised that all springs are maintained at an equal height, including the wired edges of the outer rows of springs. Stitched edge. Burlap is sewed to the springs and tacked tightly to the frame as before, without compression. A layer of stuffing is then covered with a piece of burlap that laps the previous piece by a good 6 or 8 in. This is sewed to the lower burlap through the stuffing about 3 in. from the wire edge. Instead of this second layer being tacked, a roll of stuffing 3 to 4 in. in diameter is tucked under its loose edge, which is then sewed to the wire edge to form a fairly hard roll. The hard edge is then formed by successive stitches as previously described, followed by the same procedures in covering. CroufZayer of Zater VtayiPZastic Covering BottomZayt.